Cisco certification is an internationally recognised standard for gauging existing and potential team member skill levels. The certification process comprises four steps: Preparation, Assessment, Validation and Recertification. These steps ensure IT professionals have the skills and knowledge to support Cisco products and solve customer technology problems. Solution areas include routing and switching, storage networking, data centres, unified communications, telepresence and collaboration (WebEx), and cloud management. These certifications provide a solid foundation in network fundamentals and equip professionals with the expertise to work with various networking technologies like software-defined networking.